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Research shows that dads play a role in preventing social anxiety in children

Dads who encourage children to try new thing and don’t shield them from disappointment or let them win all the time may help them avoid social anxiety in young adulthood.

Fatherhood

A new study is focusing on the role fathers can play in working through anxiety in young people. Source: Hero Images

New research shows that fathers who encourage their children to be socially assertive and to step outside of their comfort zone may help their children avoid social anxiety in young adulthood.

“The study looks at emerging adults, who are defined as a group aged from 18 to 25,” says Professor Jennie Hudson, who heads up Macquarie University’s Centre for Emotional Health. At this age, anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem, particularly for females, she adds.

“Most research on the role that parenting plays in anxiety focuses on the child’s interaction with the mother. In this study, we show that fathers play an important role in encouraging children to push themselves a bit more socially and take safe risks,” says Hudson, who explains that this kind of parenting is called ‘challenging parenting behaviour’.

Examples can include encouraging your child to stand up for their opinions or beliefs or encouraging them to travel alone. The stereotype where dad won’t let their kid win at a game of cards or soccer is another classic way that fathers challenge their children.
In this study, we show that fathers play an important role in encouraging children to push themselves a bit more socially and take safe risks.
Another interesting finding in the study was that although both parents used challenging parenting behaviours, the link to social anxiety in their emerging adult children was stronger for fathers, Hudson says.

The study, published in the Journal of Cognitive Therapy and Research in September, also found that if either parent was overly critical (using what is called ‘rejecting parenting behaviours’), emerging adults were more likely to have more signs of general anxiety and stress. However, the two other common parenting styles tested in the study – warmth and overprotection – didn’t correlate with any change in anxiety scores in this age group.

There have been a number of studies around the role that challenging parenting behaviours play in anxiety in infancy and in childhood, but this was the first to look at the impact on emerging adults, Hudson says.

Carrying out the research

The researchers surveyed 442 people in the ‘emerging adult’ category, who reported on their anxiety symptoms and on their parents’ behaviours.

“Emerging adulthood is a period of exploration, change and identity formation and is often overlooked in the parenting literature,” says Anna Smout, lead author on the paper and a student researcher with Hudson and Dr Rebecca Lazarus, who is a co-author on the paper.

“The age range also has high rates of onset and occurrence of anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, social anxiety and agoraphobia.”

She points out that because young adults in Australia now typically remain in their parents’ homes for much longer periods of time, parents may play a role in their children’s behaviour well into adulthood.
She points out that because young adults in Australia now typically remain in their parents’ homes for much longer periods of time, parents may play a role in their children’s behaviour well into adulthood.
The team developed a questionnaire specifically for emerging adults which explored three categories of challenging parenting behaviours. These were: social assertion and personal fulfilment; curiosity and interest in trying new things; and competitiveness.

They also measured three types of anxiety symptoms – generalised anxiety, stress, and social anxiety.

Survey participants answered questions about how their own parents had behaved. In challenging parenting, a parent will encourage their child to try new things and take safe risks – and they won’t step in to help out too early.

Some parents might be more likely to shelter their children from disappointment and give their child more help than they need according to their age or abilities. “This can actually increase stress or anxiety because children are led to believe they need help and protection from the outside world,” explains Smout.

Parents who use rejecting behaviours tend to discipline children for small offences and are overly critical, Smout says.

Role for dads

Smout says that traditional gender roles emphasise the idea that physical play is the domain of fathers, as is encouraging children to take risks and to be independent.

“That led researchers to believe that challenging parental behaviour could be more characteristic of fathers than mothers,” she says.

“Our team’s previous work has shown challenging parenting from both mothers and fathers is important for emotional health in children and teens,” adds Hudson.
An interesting finding in the current study was showing that fathers were important for this emerging adult period.
“An interesting finding in the current study was showing that fathers were important for this emerging adult period.”

It turns out that those dads who challenged their kids to endless games of chess, or basketball, or backyard cricket and never let them win may have been helping to develop less anxiety in their kids as they became emerging adults.

In time, most kids will start to beat dad to the ball or sneak a chess move past him, and that hard-won win will give them confidence. Their kids are likely to spare no mercy for their dad once they get a taste of victory – and perhaps that’s the subtle goal for most dads all along.

Professor is Director of Macquarie University's Centre for Emotional Health.

This article was first published on .

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5 min read
Published 10 October 2019 2:29pm


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