A Moscow court ordered Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny jailed for more than two years on Tuesday, locking up President Vladimir Putin's best-known opponent in defiance of mass protests and a Western outcry.
The decision to turn a 2014 suspended sentence into real jail time will see Mr Navalny, a 44-year-old anti-corruption campaigner who accuses the Kremlin of poisoning him last year, serve a lengthy prison term for the first time.
It is likely to set off new protests after thousands joined nationwide demonstrations over the last two weekends, and to further inflame tensions with Western governments who have been demanding his release.
Judge Natalya Repnikova ordered a suspended three-and-a-half-year sentence Mr Navalny received on fraud charges in 2014 to be changed to time in a penal colony, an Agence France-Presse journalist at the courthouse said.
Russian protesters take to Moscow’s streets on 31 January in support of the opposition leader Alexey Navalny who was arrested when he returned from Germany. Source: AAP/Sipa USA Mihail Siergiejevicz / SOPA Imag
Ms Repnikova said time Mr Navalny previously spent under house arrest in the sentence would count as time served, and, according to his team, that would mean at least two-and-a-half years in prison now.
Foreign minister Marise Payne said Australia was "deeply concerned" by Russian authorities’ arrest and subsequent sentencing of Mr Navalny.
"We call for Mr Navalny’s immediate and unconditional release," Senator Payne said in a statement.
"Australia is also concerned by the approach of Russian authorities against peaceful protesters and journalists detained in recent weeks."
Mr Navalny's Anti-Corruption Fund (FBK) immediately called for a protest in central Moscow following the judge's verdict.
"We're going to the centre of Moscow right now," it wrote on Twitter, urging supporters to join them.
In a fiery courtroom speech ahead of the ruling, Mr Navalny accused Mr Putin of trying to intimidate his critics and mocked the Russian leader over allegations the Novichok nerve agent used to poison him had been placed in his underwear.
"They are putting one person behind bars to scare millions," Mr Navalny said.
While Mr Putin wanted to be seen as a great statesman, Mr Navalny said, the Russian leader instead "will go down in history as a poisoner of underpants".
Mr Navalny was detained at a Moscow airport on 17 January when he returned from Germany, where he had spent months recovering from the August poisoning.
He was charged with violating the terms of his parole under the 2014 suspended sentence on fraud charges because he did not check in with the prison service while in Germany.
The European Court of Human Rights in 2017 condemned the initial ruling in the fraud case as "arbitrary and manifestly unreasonable".
Police on Moscow streets
Police in full riot gear deployed in parts of Moscow and Saint Petersburg ahead of the ruling, according to journalists from Agence France-Presse
Tens of thousands have taken to the streets of Moscow and other Russian cities over the last two weekends to call for Mr Navalny's release, prompting a massive police clampdown that saw several thousand people arrested.
Police detained more protesters outside the courtroom on Tuesday, with OVD-Info, a group that monitors arrests and opposition protests, saying more than 300 people including journalists had been detained.
Law enforcement officers stand guard in front of a monument to Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov outside Red Square in Moscow on 2 February. Source: KIRILL KUDRYAVTSEV/AFP via Getty Images
Russian security forces mounted a massive operation during the most recent protest on Sunday, blocking off parts of central Moscow and detaining more than 5,400 people across the country.
Mr Navalny's arrest and the mass detentions have triggered a wave of condemnation from the West, with many leaders calling for his release and some urging new sanctions against Moscow.
European Union foreign policy chief Josep Borrell is expected to raise the issue of Mr Navalny during a visit this week to Moscow.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Tuesday there was no reason Mr Navalny's detention should affect Russia's ties with European countries.
"We hope that such nonsense as linking the prospects of Russia-EU relations with the resident of a detention centre will not happen," he told reporters, in keeping with a Kremlin tradition of never using Mr Navalny's name.
Anti-corruption investigations
While he has never held elected office, Mr Navalny has made a name for himself with anti-graft investigations exposing the wealthy lifestyles of Russia's elite.
Two days after he was placed in pre-trial custody last month, his team released an investigation into an opulent seaside property Mr Navalny claims was given to Mr Putin through a billion-dollar scheme financed by close associates who head state companies.
The probe was published alongside a YouTube video report that has garnered more than 100 million views.
Mr Putin denied owning the property and last week a billionaire businessman close to the Russian leader, Arkady Rotenberg, said he was the owner and was turning it into a hotel.
