The UN labour agency has appealed to governments to support tens of millions of migrant workers forced to return to their homelands due to the coronavirus pandemic only to face unemployment and poverty.
Governments should include returning workers, many of whom had lost jobs overnight, in their social protection measures and reintegrate them into national labour markets, the International Labour Organization said in a report.
"This is a potential crisis within a crisis," Manuela Tomei, director of the ILO's conditions of work and equality department, told a news conference.
There are an estimated 164 million migrant workers worldwide, nearly half of them women, accounting for 4.7 per cent of the global labour force, according to the ILO. Many work in health care, transport, domestic work and agriculture.
Ms Tomei said migrant workers were over-represented in sectors in which physical distancing is difficult, they very often hold temporary jobs, and job loss often means a loss of work and residence permits, pushing them into irregular status without protections.
Their remittances are key for their families and economies back home, Ms Tomei said, citing a report from the World Bank that a $100 billion drop in remittances was forecast by year-end.
Nearly a million migrant workers have returned to South Asia alone, said Michelle Leighton, chief of labour migration at ILO.
They include 500,000 Nepalese who returned from India, more than 250,000 Bangladeshis from the Middle East, 130,000 Indonesians, 100,000 Burmese and 50,000 Filipinos, mostly seafarers, ILO figures show.
Ethiopia expects from 200,000-500,000 migrants to return by year-end, Ms Leighton added.
"There are serious problems with their eligibility for social protection, when they come back, for instance they are not able to take their social security entitlement and that is a function of the need for cooperation between the sending and receiving countries," Ms Leighton said.
Ethiopian domestic workers in Lebanon. Source: AFP
Large numbers of migrant workers in the Gulf are affected by job losses, with more than 90,000 believed to have left Kuwait since April, said Ryszard Cholewinski of ILO's Beirut office.
But not all left jobless in the Gulf want to repatriate, he said, adding that the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain have relaxed restrictions on changing employers.
